11. Various Forms of Verbs II / 動詞の変化 II
2009年11月23日 (月)
こんにちは。
We will write the day in a simple way from this time.
Hope you have already remember the "day" (yoobi).
In Japanese, we often write the day after date in such simple way.
This time we are going to learn more variations of verbs using the words that we have already learned.
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Verbs (Usual/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Basic Form : Usual/Past Form : meaning of the word (past tense)"
～する (suru) : ～した (shita) : did ...
ある (aru) : あった (atta) : there was (an object)
いる (iru) : いた (ita) : there was (a person)
行(い)く (iku) : 行(い)った (itta) : went
来(く)る (kuru) : 来(き)た (kita) : came
帰(かえ)る (kaeru) : 帰(かえ)った (kaetta) : went home
食(た)べる (taberu) : 食(た)べた (tabeta) : ate
飲(の)む (nomu) : 飲(の)んだ (nonda) : drank
見(み)る (miru) : 見(み)た (mita) : looked
書(か)く (kaku) : 書(か)いた (kaita) : wrote
読(よ)む (yomu) : 読(よ)んだ (yonda) : read
話(はな)す (hanasu) : 話(はな)した (hanashita) : spoke, talked
聞(き)く (kiku) : 聞(き)いた (kiita) : heard, listened
使(つか)う (tsukau) : 使(つか)った (tsukatta) : used
売(う)る (uru) : 売(う)った (utta) : sold
買(か)う (kau) : 買(か)った (katta) : bought
立(た)つ (tatsu) : 立(た)った (tatta) : stood up
座(すわ)る (suwaru) : 座(すわ)った (suwatta) : sat down
起(お)きる (okiru) : 起(お)きた (okita) : woke up
寝(ね)る (neru) : 寝(ね)た (neta) : went to bed, slept
会(あ)う (au) : 会(あ)った (atta) : met
待(ま)つ (matsu) : 待(ま)った (matta) : waited
探(さが)す (sagasu) : 探(さが)した (sagashita) : looked for
持(も)つ (motsu) : 持(も)った (motta) : held, had
You can make verbs in usual/past forms by changing the last characters of vowels "う (u)" ("う段(だん) (u-dan)") of the basic/usual forms into "った (tta)" in most cases, but there are some exceptions also.
* Change the last character "む (mu)" or "ぶ (bu)" into "んだ (nda)".
飲(の)む (nomu) - 飲(の)んだ (nonda)
読(よ)む (yomu) - 読(よ)んだ (yonda)
* Change the last character "く (ku)" into "いた (ita)".
書(か)く (kaku) - 書(か)いた (kaita)
聞(き)く (kiku) - 聞(き)いた (kiita)
* Change the last character "す (su)" into "した (shita)".
話(はな)す (hanasu) - 話(はな)した (hanashita)
探(さが)す (sagasu) - 探(さが)した (sagashita)
* Change the last character "る (ru)" into "た (ta)".
いる (iru) - いた (ita)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)た (mita)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きた (okita)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べた (tabeta)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)た (neta)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "た (ta)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～した (shita)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)た (kita)
< Verbs (Polite/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Polite Form : Polite/Past Form : meaning of the word (past tense)"
～します (shi-masu) : ～しました (shi-mashita) : did ...
あります (ari-masu) : ありました (ari-mashita) : there was (an object)
います (i-masu) : いました (i-mashita) : there was (a person)
行(い)きます (iki-masu) : 行(い)きました (iki-mashita) : went
来(き)ます (ki-masu) : 来(き)ました (ki-mashita) : came
帰(かえ)ります (kaeri-masu) : 帰(かえ)りました (kaeri-mashita) : went home
食(た)べます (tabe-masu) : 食(た)べました (tabe-mashita) : ate
飲(の)みます (nomi-masu) : 飲(の)みました (nomi-mashita) : drank
見(み)ます (mi-masu) : 見(み)ました (mi-mashita) : looked
書(か)きます (kaki-masu) : 書(か)きました (kaki-mashita) : wrote
読(よ)みます (yomi-masu) : 読(よ)みました (yomi-mashita) : read
話(はな)します (hanashi-masu) : 話(はな)しました (hanashi-mashita) : spoke, talked
聞(き)きます (kiki-masu) : 聞(き)きました (kiki-mashita) : heard, listened
使(つか)います (tsukai-masu) : 使(つか)いました (tsukai-mashita) : used
売(う)ります (uri-masu) : 売(う)りました (uri-mashita) : sold
買(か)います (kai-masu) : 買(か)いました (kai-mashita) : bought
立(た)ちます (tachi-masu) : 立(た)ちました (tachi-mashita) : stood up
座(すわ)ります (suwari-masu) : 座(すわ)りました (suwari-mashita) : sat down
起(お)きます (oki-masu) : 起(お)きました (oki-mashita) : woke up
寝(ね)ます (ne-masu) : 寝(ね)ました (ne-mashita) : went to bed, slept
会(あ)います (ai-masu) : 会(あ)いました (ai-mashita) : met
待(ま)ちます (machi-masu) : 待(ま)ちました (machi-mashita) : waited
探(さが)します (sagashi-masu) : 探(さが)しました (sagashi-mashita) : looked for
持(も)ちます (mochi-masu) : 持(も)ちました (mochi-mashita) : held, had
You can make verbs in polite/past form by changing "ます (masu)" of the polite form into "ました (mashita)".
< Verbs (Negative/Usual/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Negative/Usual Form : Negative/Usual/Past Form : meaning of the word (negative/past tense)"
～しない (shi-nai) : ～しなかった (shi-nakatta) : didn't do ...
ない (nai) : なかった (nakatta) : there wasn't (an object)
いない (i-nai) : いなかった (i-nakatta) : there wasn't (a person)
行(い)かない (ika-nai) : 行(い)かなかった (ika-nakatta) : didn't go
来(こ)ない (ko-nai) : 来(こ)なかった (ko-nakatta) : didn't come
帰(かえ)らない (kaera-nai) : 帰(かえ)らなかった (kaera-nakatta) : didn't go home
食(た)べない (tabe-nai) : 食(た)べなかった (tabe-nakatta) : didn't eat
飲(の)まない (noma-nai) : 飲(の)まなかった (noma-nakatta) : didn't drink
見(み)ない (mi-nai) : 見(み)なかった (mi-nakatta) : didn't look
書(か)かない (kaka-nai) : 書(か)かなかった (kaka-nakatta) : didn't write
読(よ)まない (yoma-nai) : 読(よ)まなかった (yoma-nakatta) : didn't read
話(はな)さない (hanasa-nai) : 話(はな)さなかった (hanasa-nakatta) : didn't speak, didn't talk
聞(き)かない (kika-nai) : 聞(き)かなかった (kika-nakatta) : didn't hear, didn't listen
使(つか)わない (tsukawa-nai) : 使(つか)わなかった (tsukawa-nakatta) : didn't use
売(う)らない (ura-nai) : 売(う)らなかった (ura-nakatta) : didn't sell
買(か)わない (kawa-nai) : 買(か)わなかった (kawa-nakatta) : didn't buy
立(た)たない (tata-nai) : 立(た)たなかった (tata-nakatta) : didn't stand up
座(すわ)らない (suwara-nai) : 座(すわ)らなかった (suwara-nakatta) :
didn't sit down
(お)きない (oki-nai) : 起(お)きなかった (oki-nakatta) : didn't wake up
寝(ね)ない (ne-nai) : 寝(ね)なかった (ne-nakatta) : didn't go to bed, didn't sleep
会(あ)わない (awa-nai) : 会(あ)わなかった (awa-nakatta) : didn't meet
待(ま)たない (mata-nai) : 待(ま)たなかった (mata-nakatta) : didn't wait
探(さが)さない (sagasa-nai) : 探(さが)さなかった (sagasa-nakatta) : didn't look for
持(も)たない (mota-nai) : 持(も)たなかった (mota-nakatta) : didn't hold, didn't have
You can make verbs in negative/usual/past form by changing "ない (nai)" of the negative/usual form into "なかった (nakatta)".
< Verbs (Negative/Polite/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Negative/Polite Form : Negative/Polite/Past Form : meaning of the word (negative/past tense)"
～しません (shi-masen) : ～しませんでした (shi-masen-deshita) : didn't do ...
ありません (ari-masen) : ありませんでした (ari-masen-deshita) : there wasn't (an object)
いません (i-masen) : いませんでした (i-masen-deshita) : there wasn't (a person)
行(い)きません (iki-masen) : 行(い)きませんでした (iki-masen-deshita) : didn't go
来(き)ません (ki-masen) : 来(き)ませんでした (ki-masen-deshita) : didn't come
帰(かえ)りません (kaeri-masen) : 帰(かえ)りませんでした (kaeri-masen-deshita) : didn't go home
食(た)べません (tabe-masen) : 食(た)べませんでした (tabe-masen-deshita) : didn't eat
飲(の)みません (nomi-masen) : 飲(の)みませんでした (nomi-masen-deshita) : didn't drink
見(み)ません (mi-masen) : 見(み)ませんでした (mi-masen-deshita) : didn't lookt
書(か)きません (kaki-masen) : 書(か)きませんでした (kaki-masen-deshita) : didn't write
読(よ)みません (yomi-masen) : 読(よ)みませんでした (yomi-masen-deshita) : didn't read
話(はな)しません (hanashi-masen) : 話(はな)しませんでした (hanashi-masen-deshita) : didn't speak, didn't talk
聞(き)きません (kiki-masen) : 聞(き)きませんでした (kiki-masen-deshita) : didn't hear, didn't listen
使(つか)いません (tsukai-masen) : 使(つか)いませんでした (tsukai-masen-deshita) : didn't use
売(う)りません (uri-masen) : 売(う)りませんでした (uri-masen-deshita) : didn't sell
買(か)いません (kai-masen) : 買(か)いませんでした (kai-masen-deshita) : didn't buy
立(た)ちません (tachi-masen) : 立(た)ちませんでした (tachi-masen-deshita) : didn't stand up
座(すわ)りません (suwari-masen) : 座(すわ)りませんでした (suwari-masen-deshita) : didn't sit down
起(お)きません (oki-masen) : 起(お)きませんでした (oki-masen-deshita) : didn't wake up
寝(ね)ません (ne-masen) : 寝(ね)ませんでした (ne-masen-deshita) : didn't go to bed, didn't sleep
会(あ)いません (ai-masen) : 会(あ)いませんでした (ai-masen-deshita) : didn't meet
待(ま)ちません (machi-masen) : 待(ま)ちませんでした (machi-masen-deshita) : didn't wait
探(さが)しません (sagashi-masen) : 探(さが)しませんでした (sagashi-masen-deshita) : didn't look for
持(も)ちません (mochi-masen) : 持(も)ちませんでした (mochi-masen-deshita) : didn't hold, didn't have
You can make verbs in negative/polite/past form by adding "でした (deshita)" after the negative/usual form.
That's all for today.
We've learned a lot.
There are more forms of verbs, so we will show you on another occation.
Variations of verbs that we have learned are already enough to make some sentences.
We will try to make some sentences sometime in the future.
ではまた!!
こんにちは。
We will write the day in a simple way from this time.
Hope you have already remember the "day" (yoobi).
In Japanese, we often write the day after date in such simple way.
This time we are going to learn more variations of verbs using the words that we have already learned.
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Verbs (Usual/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Basic Form : Usual/Past Form : meaning of the word (past tense)"
～する (suru) : ～した (shita) : did ...
ある (aru) : あった (atta) : there was (an object)
いる (iru) : いた (ita) : there was (a person)
行(い)く (iku) : 行(い)った (itta) : went
来(く)る (kuru) : 来(き)た (kita) : came
帰(かえ)る (kaeru) : 帰(かえ)った (kaetta) : went home
食(た)べる (taberu) : 食(た)べた (tabeta) : ate
飲(の)む (nomu) : 飲(の)んだ (nonda) : drank
見(み)る (miru) : 見(み)た (mita) : looked
書(か)く (kaku) : 書(か)いた (kaita) : wrote
読(よ)む (yomu) : 読(よ)んだ (yonda) : read
話(はな)す (hanasu) : 話(はな)した (hanashita) : spoke, talked
聞(き)く (kiku) : 聞(き)いた (kiita) : heard, listened
使(つか)う (tsukau) : 使(つか)った (tsukatta) : used
売(う)る (uru) : 売(う)った (utta) : sold
買(か)う (kau) : 買(か)った (katta) : bought
立(た)つ (tatsu) : 立(た)った (tatta) : stood up
座(すわ)る (suwaru) : 座(すわ)った (suwatta) : sat down
起(お)きる (okiru) : 起(お)きた (okita) : woke up
寝(ね)る (neru) : 寝(ね)た (neta) : went to bed, slept
会(あ)う (au) : 会(あ)った (atta) : met
待(ま)つ (matsu) : 待(ま)った (matta) : waited
探(さが)す (sagasu) : 探(さが)した (sagashita) : looked for
持(も)つ (motsu) : 持(も)った (motta) : held, had
You can make verbs in usual/past forms by changing the last characters of vowels "う (u)" ("う段(だん) (u-dan)") of the basic/usual forms into "った (tta)" in most cases, but there are some exceptions also.
* Change the last character "む (mu)" or "ぶ (bu)" into "んだ (nda)".
飲(の)む (nomu) - 飲(の)んだ (nonda)
読(よ)む (yomu) - 読(よ)んだ (yonda)
* Change the last character "く (ku)" into "いた (ita)".
書(か)く (kaku) - 書(か)いた (kaita)
聞(き)く (kiku) - 聞(き)いた (kiita)
* Change the last character "す (su)" into "した (shita)".
話(はな)す (hanasu) - 話(はな)した (hanashita)
探(さが)す (sagasu) - 探(さが)した (sagashita)
* Change the last character "る (ru)" into "た (ta)".
いる (iru) - いた (ita)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)た (mita)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きた (okita)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べた (tabeta)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)た (neta)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "た (ta)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～した (shita)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)た (kita)
< Verbs (Polite/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Polite Form : Polite/Past Form : meaning of the word (past tense)"
～します (shi-masu) : ～しました (shi-mashita) : did ...
あります (ari-masu) : ありました (ari-mashita) : there was (an object)
います (i-masu) : いました (i-mashita) : there was (a person)
行(い)きます (iki-masu) : 行(い)きました (iki-mashita) : went
来(き)ます (ki-masu) : 来(き)ました (ki-mashita) : came
帰(かえ)ります (kaeri-masu) : 帰(かえ)りました (kaeri-mashita) : went home
食(た)べます (tabe-masu) : 食(た)べました (tabe-mashita) : ate
飲(の)みます (nomi-masu) : 飲(の)みました (nomi-mashita) : drank
見(み)ます (mi-masu) : 見(み)ました (mi-mashita) : looked
書(か)きます (kaki-masu) : 書(か)きました (kaki-mashita) : wrote
読(よ)みます (yomi-masu) : 読(よ)みました (yomi-mashita) : read
話(はな)します (hanashi-masu) : 話(はな)しました (hanashi-mashita) : spoke, talked
聞(き)きます (kiki-masu) : 聞(き)きました (kiki-mashita) : heard, listened
使(つか)います (tsukai-masu) : 使(つか)いました (tsukai-mashita) : used
売(う)ります (uri-masu) : 売(う)りました (uri-mashita) : sold
買(か)います (kai-masu) : 買(か)いました (kai-mashita) : bought
立(た)ちます (tachi-masu) : 立(た)ちました (tachi-mashita) : stood up
座(すわ)ります (suwari-masu) : 座(すわ)りました (suwari-mashita) : sat down
起(お)きます (oki-masu) : 起(お)きました (oki-mashita) : woke up
寝(ね)ます (ne-masu) : 寝(ね)ました (ne-mashita) : went to bed, slept
会(あ)います (ai-masu) : 会(あ)いました (ai-mashita) : met
待(ま)ちます (machi-masu) : 待(ま)ちました (machi-mashita) : waited
探(さが)します (sagashi-masu) : 探(さが)しました (sagashi-mashita) : looked for
持(も)ちます (mochi-masu) : 持(も)ちました (mochi-mashita) : held, had
You can make verbs in polite/past form by changing "ます (masu)" of the polite form into "ました (mashita)".
< Verbs (Negative/Usual/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Negative/Usual Form : Negative/Usual/Past Form : meaning of the word (negative/past tense)"
～しない (shi-nai) : ～しなかった (shi-nakatta) : didn't do ...
ない (nai) : なかった (nakatta) : there wasn't (an object)
いない (i-nai) : いなかった (i-nakatta) : there wasn't (a person)
行(い)かない (ika-nai) : 行(い)かなかった (ika-nakatta) : didn't go
来(こ)ない (ko-nai) : 来(こ)なかった (ko-nakatta) : didn't come
帰(かえ)らない (kaera-nai) : 帰(かえ)らなかった (kaera-nakatta) : didn't go home
食(た)べない (tabe-nai) : 食(た)べなかった (tabe-nakatta) : didn't eat
飲(の)まない (noma-nai) : 飲(の)まなかった (noma-nakatta) : didn't drink
見(み)ない (mi-nai) : 見(み)なかった (mi-nakatta) : didn't look
書(か)かない (kaka-nai) : 書(か)かなかった (kaka-nakatta) : didn't write
読(よ)まない (yoma-nai) : 読(よ)まなかった (yoma-nakatta) : didn't read
話(はな)さない (hanasa-nai) : 話(はな)さなかった (hanasa-nakatta) : didn't speak, didn't talk
聞(き)かない (kika-nai) : 聞(き)かなかった (kika-nakatta) : didn't hear, didn't listen
使(つか)わない (tsukawa-nai) : 使(つか)わなかった (tsukawa-nakatta) : didn't use
売(う)らない (ura-nai) : 売(う)らなかった (ura-nakatta) : didn't sell
買(か)わない (kawa-nai) : 買(か)わなかった (kawa-nakatta) : didn't buy
立(た)たない (tata-nai) : 立(た)たなかった (tata-nakatta) : didn't stand up
座(すわ)らない (suwara-nai) : 座(すわ)らなかった (suwara-nakatta) :
didn't sit down
(お)きない (oki-nai) : 起(お)きなかった (oki-nakatta) : didn't wake up
寝(ね)ない (ne-nai) : 寝(ね)なかった (ne-nakatta) : didn't go to bed, didn't sleep
会(あ)わない (awa-nai) : 会(あ)わなかった (awa-nakatta) : didn't meet
待(ま)たない (mata-nai) : 待(ま)たなかった (mata-nakatta) : didn't wait
探(さが)さない (sagasa-nai) : 探(さが)さなかった (sagasa-nakatta) : didn't look for
持(も)たない (mota-nai) : 持(も)たなかった (mota-nakatta) : didn't hold, didn't have
You can make verbs in negative/usual/past form by changing "ない (nai)" of the negative/usual form into "なかった (nakatta)".
< Verbs (Negative/Polite/Past Form) >
* Examples below are written in the order of
"Negative/Polite Form : Negative/Polite/Past Form : meaning of the word (negative/past tense)"
～しません (shi-masen) : ～しませんでした (shi-masen-deshita) : didn't do ...
ありません (ari-masen) : ありませんでした (ari-masen-deshita) : there wasn't (an object)
いません (i-masen) : いませんでした (i-masen-deshita) : there wasn't (a person)
行(い)きません (iki-masen) : 行(い)きませんでした (iki-masen-deshita) : didn't go
来(き)ません (ki-masen) : 来(き)ませんでした (ki-masen-deshita) : didn't come
帰(かえ)りません (kaeri-masen) : 帰(かえ)りませんでした (kaeri-masen-deshita) : didn't go home
食(た)べません (tabe-masen) : 食(た)べませんでした (tabe-masen-deshita) : didn't eat
飲(の)みません (nomi-masen) : 飲(の)みませんでした (nomi-masen-deshita) : didn't drink
見(み)ません (mi-masen) : 見(み)ませんでした (mi-masen-deshita) : didn't lookt
書(か)きません (kaki-masen) : 書(か)きませんでした (kaki-masen-deshita) : didn't write
読(よ)みません (yomi-masen) : 読(よ)みませんでした (yomi-masen-deshita) : didn't read
話(はな)しません (hanashi-masen) : 話(はな)しませんでした (hanashi-masen-deshita) : didn't speak, didn't talk
聞(き)きません (kiki-masen) : 聞(き)きませんでした (kiki-masen-deshita) : didn't hear, didn't listen
使(つか)いません (tsukai-masen) : 使(つか)いませんでした (tsukai-masen-deshita) : didn't use
売(う)りません (uri-masen) : 売(う)りませんでした (uri-masen-deshita) : didn't sell
買(か)いません (kai-masen) : 買(か)いませんでした (kai-masen-deshita) : didn't buy
立(た)ちません (tachi-masen) : 立(た)ちませんでした (tachi-masen-deshita) : didn't stand up
座(すわ)りません (suwari-masen) : 座(すわ)りませんでした (suwari-masen-deshita) : didn't sit down
起(お)きません (oki-masen) : 起(お)きませんでした (oki-masen-deshita) : didn't wake up
寝(ね)ません (ne-masen) : 寝(ね)ませんでした (ne-masen-deshita) : didn't go to bed, didn't sleep
会(あ)いません (ai-masen) : 会(あ)いませんでした (ai-masen-deshita) : didn't meet
待(ま)ちません (machi-masen) : 待(ま)ちませんでした (machi-masen-deshita) : didn't wait
探(さが)しません (sagashi-masen) : 探(さが)しませんでした (sagashi-masen-deshita) : didn't look for
持(も)ちません (mochi-masen) : 持(も)ちませんでした (mochi-masen-deshita) : didn't hold, didn't have
You can make verbs in negative/polite/past form by adding "でした (deshita)" after the negative/usual form.
That's all for today.
We've learned a lot.
There are more forms of verbs, so we will show you on another occation.
Variations of verbs that we have learned are already enough to make some sentences.
We will try to make some sentences sometime in the future.
ではまた!!
10. Particles and Objects I / 助詞と目的語 I
2009年11月16日 (月曜日)
こんにちは。
This time we will learn some particles (助詞(じょし)) which are necessary to make a sentence with objects.
Objects (目的語(もくてきご)) are usually nouns and similar words to nouns.
In Japanese, objects and particles come before verbs.
The order of words in a sentence is "object - particle - verb".
We will show you some illustrative examples with verbs which we have already learned, so you can get the meanings of nouns from the examples.
The illustrative examples below are shown with verbs of basic forms.
You can change their forms to suit your intention referring to the changes of verbs that we have learned.
<< Particles / 助詞(じょし) >>
< を(o) > : added after an object to point it out
< Illustrative Examples >
パンを食(た)べる (pan o taberu)
eat a piece of bread
コーヒーを飲(の)む (koohii o nomu)
drink a cup of coffee
テレビを見(み)る (terebi o miru)
watch television
日記(にっき)を書(か)く (nikki o kaku)
write a diary
本(ほん)を読(よ)む (hon o yomu)
read a book
日本語(にほんご)を話(はな)す (nihon-go o hanasu)
speak Japanese
話(はなし)を聞(き)く (hanashi o kiku)
listen to a story
パソコンを使(つか)う (pasokon o tsukau)
use a computer
ジュースを売(う)る (juusu o uru)
sell a glass of juice
たばこを買(か)う (tabako o kau)
buy a pack of cigarette
席(せき)を立(た)つ (seki o tatsu)
stand up from a seat
バスを待(ま)つ (basu o matsu)
wait for a bus
店を探(さが)す (mise o sagasu)
look for a shop
かばんを持(も)つ (kaban o motsu)
hold a bag
< へ(e) > : added after a word for a place/direction to point it out ("to" in English)
* We use a Hiragana "へ(he)" for a particle, but we read it "e".
< Illustrative Examples >
学校(がっこう)へ行(い)く (gakkoo e iku)
go to school
家(いえ)へ来(く)る (ie e kuru)
come to one's house
日本(にほん)へ帰(かえ)る (nihon e kaeru)
go back to Japan
< から(kara) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time to point it out ("from" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
ここから行(い)く (koko kara iku)
go from here
アメリカから来(く)る (amerika kara kuru)
come from the U.S.A.
東京(とうきょう)から帰(かえ)る (tookyoo kara kaeru)
come back from Tokyo
今(いま)から食(た)べる (ima kara taberu)
eat from now
続(つづ)きから見(み)る (tsuzuki kara miru)
look from the continuation
母(はは)から聞(き)く (haha kara kiku)
hear from my mother
途中(とちゅう)から使(つか)う (tochuu kara tsukau)
use from the halfway
3時(じ)から待(ま)つ (san-ji kara matsu)
wait from 3 o'clock
< まで(made) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time to point it out ("to/until" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
そこまで行(い)く (soko made iku)
go there
大阪(おおさか)まで来(く)る (oosaka made kuru)
come to Osaka
近(ちか)くまで帰(かえ)る (chikaku made kaeru)
come back to a place nearby
朝(あさ)まで話(はな)す (asa made hanasu)
talk until morning
昼(ひる)まで寝(ね)る (hiru mede neru)
sleep until noon
11時(じ)まで待(ま)つ (juu-ichi-ji made matsu)
wait until 11 o'clock
< に(ni) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time/person to point it out ("in/to/on" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
水曜日(すいようび)に行(い)く (sui-yoobi ni iku)
go on Wednesday
会社(かいしゃ)に来(く)る (kaisha ni kuru)
come to the office
5時(じ)に帰(かえ)る (go-ji ni kaeru)
go back on 5 o'clock
夜中(よなか)に食(た)べる (yonaka ni taberu)
eat during midnight
ノートに書(か)く (nooto ni kaku)
write on a notebook
彼(かれ)に話(はな)す (kare ni hanasu)
talk to him
広場(ひろば)に立(た)つ (hiroba ni tatsu)
stand up in an open space
いすに座(すわ)る (isu ni suwaru)
sit on a chair
7時(じ)に起(お)きる (shichi-ji ni okiru)
wake up at 7 o'clock
10時(じ)に寝(ね)る (juu-ji ni neru)
go to bed at 10 o'clock
友(とも)だちに会(あ)う (tomodachi ni au)
meet a friend
3時(じ)に待(ま)つ (san-ji ni matsu)
wait at 3 o'clock
手に持(も)つ (te ni motsu)
hold in a hand
< で(de) > : added after a word for a place/direction/tool to point out a plece where something is done or a tool which is used to do something ("in/at/with" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
箸(はし)で食(た)べる (hashi de taberu)
eat using a pair of chopsticks
ストローで飲(の)む (sutoroo de nomu)
drink through a straw
日本語(にほんご)で書(か)く (nihon-go de kaku)
write in Japanese
外(そと)で話(はな)す (soto de hanasu)
talk outside
台所(だいどころ)で使(つか)う (daidokoro de tsukau)
use in a kitchen
市場(いちば)で売(う)る (ichiba de uru)
sell in a marketplace
スーパーで買(か)う (suupaa de kau)
buy in a supermarket
ベッドで寝(ね)る (beddo de neru)
sleep in a bed
駅(えき)で会(あ)う (eki de au)
meet at the station
喫茶店(きっさてん)で待(ま)つ (kissa-ten de matsu)
wait in a cafe
インターネットで探(さが)す (intaanetto de sagasu)
look for (something) in the internet
右手(みぎて)で持(も)つ (migi-te de motsu)
hold in the right hand
How was your practice?
Try to remember particles which suit for verbs and objects.
You can make various sentences with the structure of "subject -particle (は) - object - particle - verb of various form", and you can also make more complicated sentences by some "object + particle".
Keep going!
また来週!!
こんにちは。
This time we will learn some particles (助詞(じょし)) which are necessary to make a sentence with objects.
Objects (目的語(もくてきご)) are usually nouns and similar words to nouns.
In Japanese, objects and particles come before verbs.
The order of words in a sentence is "object - particle - verb".
We will show you some illustrative examples with verbs which we have already learned, so you can get the meanings of nouns from the examples.
The illustrative examples below are shown with verbs of basic forms.
You can change their forms to suit your intention referring to the changes of verbs that we have learned.
<< Particles / 助詞(じょし) >>
< を(o) > : added after an object to point it out
< Illustrative Examples >
パンを食(た)べる (pan o taberu)
eat a piece of bread
コーヒーを飲(の)む (koohii o nomu)
drink a cup of coffee
テレビを見(み)る (terebi o miru)
watch television
日記(にっき)を書(か)く (nikki o kaku)
write a diary
本(ほん)を読(よ)む (hon o yomu)
read a book
日本語(にほんご)を話(はな)す (nihon-go o hanasu)
speak Japanese
話(はなし)を聞(き)く (hanashi o kiku)
listen to a story
パソコンを使(つか)う (pasokon o tsukau)
use a computer
ジュースを売(う)る (juusu o uru)
sell a glass of juice
たばこを買(か)う (tabako o kau)
buy a pack of cigarette
席(せき)を立(た)つ (seki o tatsu)
stand up from a seat
バスを待(ま)つ (basu o matsu)
wait for a bus
店を探(さが)す (mise o sagasu)
look for a shop
かばんを持(も)つ (kaban o motsu)
hold a bag
< へ(e) > : added after a word for a place/direction to point it out ("to" in English)
* We use a Hiragana "へ(he)" for a particle, but we read it "e".
< Illustrative Examples >
学校(がっこう)へ行(い)く (gakkoo e iku)
go to school
家(いえ)へ来(く)る (ie e kuru)
come to one's house
日本(にほん)へ帰(かえ)る (nihon e kaeru)
go back to Japan
< から(kara) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time to point it out ("from" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
ここから行(い)く (koko kara iku)
go from here
アメリカから来(く)る (amerika kara kuru)
come from the U.S.A.
東京(とうきょう)から帰(かえ)る (tookyoo kara kaeru)
come back from Tokyo
今(いま)から食(た)べる (ima kara taberu)
eat from now
続(つづ)きから見(み)る (tsuzuki kara miru)
look from the continuation
母(はは)から聞(き)く (haha kara kiku)
hear from my mother
途中(とちゅう)から使(つか)う (tochuu kara tsukau)
use from the halfway
3時(じ)から待(ま)つ (san-ji kara matsu)
wait from 3 o'clock
< まで(made) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time to point it out ("to/until" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
そこまで行(い)く (soko made iku)
go there
大阪(おおさか)まで来(く)る (oosaka made kuru)
come to Osaka
近(ちか)くまで帰(かえ)る (chikaku made kaeru)
come back to a place nearby
朝(あさ)まで話(はな)す (asa made hanasu)
talk until morning
昼(ひる)まで寝(ね)る (hiru mede neru)
sleep until noon
11時(じ)まで待(ま)つ (juu-ichi-ji made matsu)
wait until 11 o'clock
< に(ni) > : added after a word for a place/direction/time/person to point it out ("in/to/on" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
水曜日(すいようび)に行(い)く (sui-yoobi ni iku)
go on Wednesday
会社(かいしゃ)に来(く)る (kaisha ni kuru)
come to the office
5時(じ)に帰(かえ)る (go-ji ni kaeru)
go back on 5 o'clock
夜中(よなか)に食(た)べる (yonaka ni taberu)
eat during midnight
ノートに書(か)く (nooto ni kaku)
write on a notebook
彼(かれ)に話(はな)す (kare ni hanasu)
talk to him
広場(ひろば)に立(た)つ (hiroba ni tatsu)
stand up in an open space
いすに座(すわ)る (isu ni suwaru)
sit on a chair
7時(じ)に起(お)きる (shichi-ji ni okiru)
wake up at 7 o'clock
10時(じ)に寝(ね)る (juu-ji ni neru)
go to bed at 10 o'clock
友(とも)だちに会(あ)う (tomodachi ni au)
meet a friend
3時(じ)に待(ま)つ (san-ji ni matsu)
wait at 3 o'clock
手に持(も)つ (te ni motsu)
hold in a hand
< で(de) > : added after a word for a place/direction/tool to point out a plece where something is done or a tool which is used to do something ("in/at/with" in English)
< Illustrative Examples >
箸(はし)で食(た)べる (hashi de taberu)
eat using a pair of chopsticks
ストローで飲(の)む (sutoroo de nomu)
drink through a straw
日本語(にほんご)で書(か)く (nihon-go de kaku)
write in Japanese
外(そと)で話(はな)す (soto de hanasu)
talk outside
台所(だいどころ)で使(つか)う (daidokoro de tsukau)
use in a kitchen
市場(いちば)で売(う)る (ichiba de uru)
sell in a marketplace
スーパーで買(か)う (suupaa de kau)
buy in a supermarket
ベッドで寝(ね)る (beddo de neru)
sleep in a bed
駅(えき)で会(あ)う (eki de au)
meet at the station
喫茶店(きっさてん)で待(ま)つ (kissa-ten de matsu)
wait in a cafe
インターネットで探(さが)す (intaanetto de sagasu)
look for (something) in the internet
右手(みぎて)で持(も)つ (migi-te de motsu)
hold in the right hand
How was your practice?
Try to remember particles which suit for verbs and objects.
You can make various sentences with the structure of "subject -particle (は) - object - particle - verb of various form", and you can also make more complicated sentences by some "object + particle".
Keep going!
また来週!!
9. Various Forms of Verbs I / 動詞の変化 I
2009年11月9日 (月曜日)
こんにちは。
We had scheduled to continue our lesson of "Review and Practice", but we seem to have to learn the variation of verbs first.
One of the most difficult things in learning Japanese is the changes of words.
We will start from the changes of basic verbs for today's lesson.
We will show you some verbs to learn how to change.
Let's try!!
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Verbs (Basic Form) >
～する (suru) : do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb)
ある (aru) : there is (an object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-aru" form to describe a state of "have already done ...")
いる (iru) : there is (a person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-iru" form to express the meaning of "is doing ...")
行(い)く (iku) : go
来(く)る (kuru) : come
帰(かえ)る (kaeru) : go home, go back
食(た)べる (taberu) : eat
飲(の)む (nomu) : drink
見(み)る (miru) : look
書(か)く (kaku) : write
読(よ)む (yomu) : read
話(はな)す (hanasu) : speak, talk
聞(き)く (kiku) : listen
使(つか)う (tsukau) : use
売(う)る (uru) : sell
買(か)う (kau) : buy
立(た)つ (tatsu) : stand up
座(すわ)る (suwaru) : sit down
起(お)きる (okiru) : wake up
寝(ね)る (neru) : go to bed, sleep
会(あ)う (au) : meet
待(ま)つ (matsu) : wait
探(さが)す (sagasu) : look for
持(も)つ (motsu) : have
The basic form of verbs usually ends by vowels "う (u)", or "う段(だん) (u-dan)" which we have learned in the lesson <1. Letter / 文字 (もじ)>.
You can look up a verb in a dictionary with this basic form .
< Verbs (Polite Form) >
～します (shi-masu) : do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a polite form)
あります (ari-masu) : there is (an object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-arimasu" form to describe a state of "have already done ..." in a polite form)
います (i-masu) : there is (a person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-imasu" form to express the meaning of "is doing ..." in a polite form)
行(い)きます (iki-masu) : go
来(き)ます (ki-masu) : come
帰(かえ)ります (kaeri-masu) : go home, go back
食(た)べます (tabe-masu) : eat
飲(の)みます (nomi-masu) : drink
見(み)ます (mi-masu) : look
書(か)きます (kaki-masu) : write
読(よ)みます (yomi-masu) : read
話(はな)します (hanashi-masu) : speak, talk
聞(き)きます (kiki-masu) : listen
使(つか)います (tsukai-masu) : use
売(う)ります (uri-masu) : sell
買(か)います (kai-masu) : buy
立(た)ちます (tachi-masu) : stand up
座(すわ)ります (suwari-masu) : sit down
起(お)きます (oki-masu) : wake up
寝(ね)ます (ne-masu) : go to bed, sleep
会(あ)います (ai-masu) : meet
待(ま)ちます (machi-masu) : wait
探(さが)します (sagashi-masu) : look for
持(も)ちます (mochi-masu) : have
Most verbs can be changed into polite forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "い (i)" and add "ます (masu)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ます (masu)" directly.
いる (iru) - います (i-masu)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ます (mi-masu)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きます (oki-masu)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べます (tabe-masu)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ます (ne-masu)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "ます (masu)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～します (shi-masu)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)ます (ki-masu)
< Verbs (Negative/Basic Form) >
～しない (shi-nai) : don't do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a negative form)
ない (nai) : there is no (object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-nai" form to describe a state of "have not done ... yet")
いない (i-nai) : there is no (person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-inai" form to express the meaning of "have not done ... yet" or "is not doing ...")
行(い)かない (ika-nai) : don't go
来(こ)ない (ko-nai) : don't come
帰(かえ)らない (kaera-nai) : don't go home, don't go back
食(た)べない (tabe-nai) : don't eat
飲(の)まない (noma-nai) : don't drink
見(み)ない (mi-nai) : don't look
書(か)かない (kaka-nai) : don't wirte
読(よ)まない (yoma-nai) : don't read
話(はな)さない (hanasa-nai) : don't speak, don't talk
聞(き)かない (kika-nai) : don't listen
使(つか)わない (tsukawa-nai) : don't use
売(う)らない (ura-nai) : don't sell
買(か)わない (kawa-nai) : don't buy
立(た)たない (tata-nai) : don't stand up
座(すわ)らない (suwara-nai) : don't sit down
起(お)きない (oki-nai) : don't wake up
寝(ね)ない (ne-nai) : don't go to bed, don't sleep
会(あ)わない (awa-nai) : don't meet
待(ま)たない (mata-nai) : don't wait
探(さが)さない (sagasa-nai) : don't look for
持(も)たない (mota-nai) : don't have
Most verbs can be changed into negative forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "あ (a)" and add "ない (nai)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ない (nai)" directly.
いる (iru) - いない (i-nai)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ない (mi-nai)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きない (oki-nai)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べない (tabe-nai)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ない (ne-nai)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" or "お (o)"and add "ない (nai)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～しない (shi-nai)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(こ)ない (ko-nai)
< Verbs (Negative/Polite Form) >
～しません (shi-masen) : don't do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a negative/polite form)
ありません (ari-masen) : there is no (object) (the part of "ません (masen)" becomes the basis of verbs of negative/polite form)
いません (i-masen) : there is no (person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-imasen" form to describe a state of "have not done ... yet" or "be not doing ...")
行(い)きません (iki-masen) : don't go
来(き)ません (ki-masen) : don't come
帰(かえ)りません (kaeri-masen) : don't go home, don't go back
食(た)べません (tabe-masen) : don't eat
飲(の)みません (nomi-masen) : don't drink
見(み)ません (mi-masen) : don't look
書(か)きません (kaki-masen) : don't write
読(よ)みません (yomi-masen) : don't read
話(はな)しません (hanashi-masen) : don't speak, don't talk
聞(き)きません (kiki-masen) : don't listen
使(つか)いません (tsukai-masen) : don't use
売(う)りません (uri-masen) : don't sell
買(か)いません (kai-masen) : don't buy
立(た)ちません (tachi-masen) : don't stand up
座(すわ)りません (suwari-masen) : don't sit down
起(お)きません (oki-masen) : don't wake up
寝(ね)ません (ne-masen) : don't go to bed, don't sleep
会(あ)いません (ai-masen) : don't meet
待(ま)ちません (machi-masen) : don't wait
探(さが)しません (sagashi-masen) : don't look for
持(も)ちません (mochi-masen) : don't have
Most verbs can be changed into negative/polite forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "い (i)" and add "ません (masen)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ません (masen)" directly.
いる (iru) - いません (i-masen)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ません (mi-masen)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きません (oki-masen)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べません (tabe-masen)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ません (ne-masen)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "ません (masen)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～しません (shi-masen)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)ません (ki-masen)
There are many more changes of verbs, but it seems to be enough for today.
We have to learn particles first to make sentences.
We will show you some particles on another occasion.
Try to remember the vocabulary above first in order for you to learn more changes of words and make some sentences with those words.
Keep going!
がんばりましょう!!
こんにちは。
We had scheduled to continue our lesson of "Review and Practice", but we seem to have to learn the variation of verbs first.
One of the most difficult things in learning Japanese is the changes of words.
We will start from the changes of basic verbs for today's lesson.
We will show you some verbs to learn how to change.
Let's try!!
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Verbs (Basic Form) >
～する (suru) : do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb)
ある (aru) : there is (an object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-aru" form to describe a state of "have already done ...")
いる (iru) : there is (a person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-iru" form to express the meaning of "is doing ...")
行(い)く (iku) : go
来(く)る (kuru) : come
帰(かえ)る (kaeru) : go home, go back
食(た)べる (taberu) : eat
飲(の)む (nomu) : drink
見(み)る (miru) : look
書(か)く (kaku) : write
読(よ)む (yomu) : read
話(はな)す (hanasu) : speak, talk
聞(き)く (kiku) : listen
使(つか)う (tsukau) : use
売(う)る (uru) : sell
買(か)う (kau) : buy
立(た)つ (tatsu) : stand up
座(すわ)る (suwaru) : sit down
起(お)きる (okiru) : wake up
寝(ね)る (neru) : go to bed, sleep
会(あ)う (au) : meet
待(ま)つ (matsu) : wait
探(さが)す (sagasu) : look for
持(も)つ (motsu) : have
The basic form of verbs usually ends by vowels "う (u)", or "う段(だん) (u-dan)" which we have learned in the lesson <1. Letter / 文字 (もじ)>.
You can look up a verb in a dictionary with this basic form .
< Verbs (Polite Form) >
～します (shi-masu) : do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a polite form)
あります (ari-masu) : there is (an object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-arimasu" form to describe a state of "have already done ..." in a polite form)
います (i-masu) : there is (a person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-imasu" form to express the meaning of "is doing ..." in a polite form)
行(い)きます (iki-masu) : go
来(き)ます (ki-masu) : come
帰(かえ)ります (kaeri-masu) : go home, go back
食(た)べます (tabe-masu) : eat
飲(の)みます (nomi-masu) : drink
見(み)ます (mi-masu) : look
書(か)きます (kaki-masu) : write
読(よ)みます (yomi-masu) : read
話(はな)します (hanashi-masu) : speak, talk
聞(き)きます (kiki-masu) : listen
使(つか)います (tsukai-masu) : use
売(う)ります (uri-masu) : sell
買(か)います (kai-masu) : buy
立(た)ちます (tachi-masu) : stand up
座(すわ)ります (suwari-masu) : sit down
起(お)きます (oki-masu) : wake up
寝(ね)ます (ne-masu) : go to bed, sleep
会(あ)います (ai-masu) : meet
待(ま)ちます (machi-masu) : wait
探(さが)します (sagashi-masu) : look for
持(も)ちます (mochi-masu) : have
Most verbs can be changed into polite forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "い (i)" and add "ます (masu)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ます (masu)" directly.
いる (iru) - います (i-masu)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ます (mi-masu)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きます (oki-masu)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べます (tabe-masu)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ます (ne-masu)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "ます (masu)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～します (shi-masu)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)ます (ki-masu)
< Verbs (Negative/Basic Form) >
～しない (shi-nai) : don't do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a negative form)
ない (nai) : there is no (object) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-nai" form to describe a state of "have not done ... yet")
いない (i-nai) : there is no (person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-inai" form to express the meaning of "have not done ... yet" or "is not doing ...")
行(い)かない (ika-nai) : don't go
来(こ)ない (ko-nai) : don't come
帰(かえ)らない (kaera-nai) : don't go home, don't go back
食(た)べない (tabe-nai) : don't eat
飲(の)まない (noma-nai) : don't drink
見(み)ない (mi-nai) : don't look
書(か)かない (kaka-nai) : don't wirte
読(よ)まない (yoma-nai) : don't read
話(はな)さない (hanasa-nai) : don't speak, don't talk
聞(き)かない (kika-nai) : don't listen
使(つか)わない (tsukawa-nai) : don't use
売(う)らない (ura-nai) : don't sell
買(か)わない (kawa-nai) : don't buy
立(た)たない (tata-nai) : don't stand up
座(すわ)らない (suwara-nai) : don't sit down
起(お)きない (oki-nai) : don't wake up
寝(ね)ない (ne-nai) : don't go to bed, don't sleep
会(あ)わない (awa-nai) : don't meet
待(ま)たない (mata-nai) : don't wait
探(さが)さない (sagasa-nai) : don't look for
持(も)たない (mota-nai) : don't have
Most verbs can be changed into negative forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "あ (a)" and add "ない (nai)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ない (nai)" directly.
いる (iru) - いない (i-nai)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ない (mi-nai)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きない (oki-nai)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べない (tabe-nai)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ない (ne-nai)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" or "お (o)"and add "ない (nai)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～しない (shi-nai)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(こ)ない (ko-nai)
< Verbs (Negative/Polite Form) >
～しません (shi-masen) : don't do ... (it is added after a noun which implies a behavior to make a verb of a negative/polite form)
ありません (ari-masen) : there is no (object) (the part of "ません (masen)" becomes the basis of verbs of negative/polite form)
いません (i-masen) : there is no (person) (it can also be added after a verb of "-te" form to make a verb of "-te-imasen" form to describe a state of "have not done ... yet" or "be not doing ...")
行(い)きません (iki-masen) : don't go
来(き)ません (ki-masen) : don't come
帰(かえ)りません (kaeri-masen) : don't go home, don't go back
食(た)べません (tabe-masen) : don't eat
飲(の)みません (nomi-masen) : don't drink
見(み)ません (mi-masen) : don't look
書(か)きません (kaki-masen) : don't write
読(よ)みません (yomi-masen) : don't read
話(はな)しません (hanashi-masen) : don't speak, don't talk
聞(き)きません (kiki-masen) : don't listen
使(つか)いません (tsukai-masen) : don't use
売(う)りません (uri-masen) : don't sell
買(か)いません (kai-masen) : don't buy
立(た)ちません (tachi-masen) : don't stand up
座(すわ)りません (suwari-masen) : don't sit down
起(お)きません (oki-masen) : don't wake up
寝(ね)ません (ne-masen) : don't go to bed, don't sleep
会(あ)いません (ai-masen) : don't meet
待(ま)ちません (machi-masen) : don't wait
探(さが)しません (sagashi-masen) : don't look for
持(も)ちません (mochi-masen) : don't have
Most verbs can be changed into negative/polite forms by changing the last vowels "う (u)" into vowels "い (i)" and add "ません (masen)" after it, but there are some exceptions also.
* Cut the last character "る (ru)" and add "ません (masen)" directly.
いる (iru) - いません (i-masen)
見(み)る (miru) - 見(み)ません (mi-masen)
起(お)きる (okiru) - 起(お)きません (oki-masen)
食(た)べる (taberu) - 食(た)べません (tabe-masen)
寝(ね)る (neru) - 寝(ね)ません (ne-masen)
* Change the first character of the verb into a character with a vowel "い (i)" and add "ません (masen)" after it.
～する (suru) - ～しません (shi-masen)
来(く)る (kuru) - 来(き)ません (ki-masen)
There are many more changes of verbs, but it seems to be enough for today.
We have to learn particles first to make sentences.
We will show you some particles on another occasion.
Try to remember the vocabulary above first in order for you to learn more changes of words and make some sentences with those words.
Keep going!
がんばりましょう!!
8. Review and Practice I / 復習と応用 I
2009年11月2日 (月曜日)
みなさん、こんにちは。
We already have learned some various conversations in Japanese.
We will show you some expressions with illustrative sentences and vocabulary.
Illustrative sentences with a note in brackets ( ) below the sentence are things we have learned in our former lessons.
Review the lesson to get used to expressions in daily conversations.
You can also change the words in the sentence to practice by yourself.
<< Basic Sentence Pattern / 基本文型(きほんぶんけい) >>
* A は B です。
* A wa B desu.
* A is B,
A (a subject) : a demonstrative pronoun, a noun, a person's name ... etc.
B (a predicate) : a noun, a person's name, a demonstrative pronoun, an adjective ... etc.
The particle "wa" is written in Hiragana "は", not "わ".
In Japanese, subjects are often omitted when the person we talk to understands it from the situation and/or context.
< Illustrative Sentences / 例文(れいぶん) >
(今日は)9月(くがつ)28日(にじゅうはちにち)です。
(Kyoo wa) ku-gatsu niju-hachi-nichi desu.
It's 28th, September (today).
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(今日は)月曜日(げつようび)です。
(Kyoo wa) getsu-yobi desu.
It's Monday (today).
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(私は)(サクラデンキの)山田です。
(Watashi wa) (Sakura Denki no) Yamada desu.
(I am) Yamada (from Sakura Electronics).
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(私は)ブラウンです。
(Watashi wa) Buraun desu.
(I'm) Brown.
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(今は)3時(さんじ)10分(じゅっぷん)です。
(Ima wa) san-ji jup-pun desu.
It's 3:10 (now).
(6. What time is it? / 何時ですか?)
(それは)ちょっと高(たか)いです(ね)。
(Sore wa) chotto takai desu (ne).
(It seems to be) a little expensive.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
こちらは、すごく安(やす)いです(よ)。
Kochira wa sugoku yasui desu (yo).
This one is very cheap.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
(これは)韓国(かんこく)のメーカーです(が)、…
(Kore wa) kankoku no meekaa desu(-ga), ...
(It's) a product of a Korean maker, (but) ...
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
(これは)98,000円(えん)です。
(Kore wa) 98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en desu.
(It's) 98,000 yen.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
あれは学校(がっこう)です。
Are wa gakkoo desu.
That is a school.
お手洗(てあら)いはあちらです。
O-tearai wa achira desu.
The bathroom is over there.
ここは日本(にほん)です。
Koko wa nihon desu.
Here is Japan.
天ぷらは日本食です。
Tempura wa nihon-shoku desu.
Tempura is a Japanese food.
<< Basic Sentence Pattern / 基本文型(きほんぶんけい) >>
* A は B ですか?
* A wa B desu-ka?
* Is A B?
A (a subject) : a demonstrative pronoun, a noun, a person's name ... etc.
B (a predicate) : a noun, a person's name, a demonstrative pronoun, an adjective, an interrogative ... etc.
The particle "wa" is written in Hiragana "は", not "わ".
In Japanese, subjects are often omitted when the person we talk to understands it from the situation and/or context.
< Illustrative Sentences / 例文(れいぶん) >
今日(きょう)は何日(なんにち)ですか?
Kyo wa nan-nichi desu-ka?
What's the date today?
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(今日は)何曜日(なんようび)ですか?
(Kyoo wa) nan-yobi desu-ka?
What day is it (today)?
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(あなたは)ブラウンさんですか?
(Anata wa) Buraun-san desu-ka?
(Are you) Mr. Brown?
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(それは)生(なま)ですか?
(Sore wa) nama desu-ka?
(Is it) raw?
(5. Eating / 食べる)
今(いま)(は)、何時(なんじ)ですか?
Ima (wa), nan-ji desu-ka?
What time is it now?
(6. What time is it? / 何時ですか?)
これは、いくらですか?
Kore wa, ikura desu-ka?
How much is it/this?
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
それは何(なん)ですか?
Sore wa nan desu-ka?
What is it?
ここはどこですか?
Koko wa doko desu-ka?
Where am I? (Where is this place?)
彼(かれ)は日本人(にほんじん)ですか?
Kare wa nihon-jin desu-ka?
Is he a Japanese?
駅(えき)はどちらですか?
Eki wa dochira desu-ka?
Where is the station?
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Demonstrative Pronouns / 指示代名詞(しじだいめいし) >
* Japanese demonstrative words are called "こそあど言葉 (Ko-So-A-Do Kotoba)" which are taken from the first letters of the demonstrative words.
* There are more "こそあど言葉 (Ko-So-A-Do Kotoba)", but we will show you only these for now.
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Nouns / 名詞(めいし)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) >
これ (kore) : this one (just in front of the person)
それ (sore) : that one (in a place a little bit far but not too far)
あれ (are) : that one (in a place far away)
どれ (dore) : which one
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Places / 場所(ぱしょ)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) >
ここ (koko) : here (a place just in front of the person)
そこ (soko) : there (a place a little bit far but not too far)
あそこ (asoko) : over there (a place far away)
どこ (doko) : where
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Nouns or Places - Polite Form / 名詞(めいし)や場所(ぱしょ)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) - 丁寧(ていねい)な言(い)い方(かた) >
こちら (kochira) : this one (just in front of the person), here (a place just in front of the person)
そちら (sochira) : that one (in a place a little bit far but not too far), there (a place a little bit far but not too far)
あちら (achira) : that one (in a place far away), over there (a place far away)
どちら (dochira) : which one, where
< Interrogatives / 疑問詞(ぎもんし) >
* There are more interrogatives, but we will show you these ones first.
何(なに) (nani) : what
誰(だれ) (dare) : who
いつ (itsu) : when
どこ (doko) ; where
いくつ (ikutsu) : how many
いくら (ikura) : how much
* "何(なに)" can be connected to other words to make other interrogative words like "何日(なんにち)", "何時(なんじ)", "何曜日(なんようび), 何人(なにじん(person from which country)/なんにん(how many people)) ... etc. Reading of the Kanji "何(なに)" changes depending on the sound after it.
< Personal Pronouns / 人称代名詞(にんしょうだいめいし) >
* In Japanese, the second person is often omitted when the person we talk to understands from the situation/context.
< The First Person / 一人称(いちにんしょう) >
私(わたし/わたくし) : I (the most general one, read as "watakushi" is used to show our respect by lowering our own position)
僕(ぼく) : I (it is used only by boys, to friends only, don't use it in a formal place/situation)
俺(おれ) : I (a little rough, it is used only by men, to friends only, better not to use)
私(わたし/わたくし)たち : we (a plural form of "私(わたし/わたくし)")
僕(ぼく)たち : we (a plural form of "僕(ぼく)")
俺(おれ)たち : we (a plural form of "俺(おれ)")
僕(ぽく)ら : we (a plural form of "僕(ぼく)")
俺(おれ)ら : we (a plural form of "俺(おれ)")
我々(われわれ) : we (a plural form of "我(われ)" which is seen in literature, it is used in oaths and things like that)
私(わたくし)ども : we (a plural/polite form of "私(わたし/わたくし)", it is used to show our respect by lowering our own position, it is often used in business scenes)
< The Second Person / 二人称(ににんしょう) >
あなた(貴方/貴女) : you (it is usually written in Hiragana, but you can also write it in Kanji for letters, "貴方" for men, "貴女" for ladies, the word "あなた" is rarely used in conversations because it has some impolite impression, we usually call people by the person's name and a honorific title after the name (refer to "Honorific Titles")
君(きみ) : you (it is used only by men to refer to a person of lower status than him, better not to use)
お前(おまえ) : you (very rude, don't use it)
みなさん : ladies and gentlemen, you (it is used to refer to the audience in speeches and so on)
皆様(みなさま) : ladies and gentlemen, you (a polite form of "みなさん")
あなたがた : you (a plural form of "あなた(貴方/貴女)")
あなたたち : you (a plural form of "あなた(貴方/貴女)", it has some impertinent impression, better not to use)
君たち(きみたち) : you guys (a plural form of "君(きみ)", it has much impertinent impression, better not to use)
お前(まえ)たち : you guys (a plural form of "お前(おまえ)", very rude, don't use it, sometimes it is used by male teachers to refer to their students, ladies never use it)
お前(まえ)ら : you (a plural form of "お前(おまえ)", very rude and rough, don't use it)
< The Third Person / 三人称(さんにんしょう) >
彼(かれ) : he (refers to a male)
彼女(かのじょ) : she (refers to a female)
彼(かれ)ら : they (a plural form of "彼(かれ)")
彼女(かのじょ)たち : they (a plural form of "彼女(かのじょ)")
彼女(かのじょ)ら : they (a plural form of "彼女(かのじょ)")
< Honorific Titles / 敬称(けいしょう) >
* Honorific titles are added after the name of person you are talking to or about.
さん : the one which is most common, it can be added after a first name as well as a last name
ちゃん : it is used only with girls or children, it is usually added after a first name, it can be used only among friends or to refer to a child
君(くん) : it can be used only when referring to a young man or boy
様(さま) : an honorific form of "さん", it is usually used in letters or in business scenes to refer to clients, it has to be added after the name of a person when you address letters
< Other Words (Nouns) / 他(ほか)の単語(たんご) (名詞(めいし)) >
学校(がっこう) (gakkoo) : a school
お手洗(てあら)い (o-tearai) : a bathroom, a ladies room, a toilet ("お (o)" is added to make the word polite)
日本(にほん) (nihon) : Japan
日本人(にほんじん) (nihon-jin) : Japanese (people)
駅(えき) (eki) : a station
That looks like enough for today.
Japanese is one of the most difficult languages to learn, because it has many forms and variations of words.
We will learn it from the basic structures of sentences first, along with getting used to the way of how to use it in natural conversations.
The nouns and words shown above don't change their forms, so you can try to replace "A" or "B" with them in the sample sentences.
Okay, we will continue the "Review and Practice" next week.
がんばりましょう。
また来週!!
みなさん、こんにちは。
We already have learned some various conversations in Japanese.
We will show you some expressions with illustrative sentences and vocabulary.
Illustrative sentences with a note in brackets ( ) below the sentence are things we have learned in our former lessons.
Review the lesson to get used to expressions in daily conversations.
You can also change the words in the sentence to practice by yourself.
<< Basic Sentence Pattern / 基本文型(きほんぶんけい) >>
* A は B です。
* A wa B desu.
* A is B,
A (a subject) : a demonstrative pronoun, a noun, a person's name ... etc.
B (a predicate) : a noun, a person's name, a demonstrative pronoun, an adjective ... etc.
The particle "wa" is written in Hiragana "は", not "わ".
In Japanese, subjects are often omitted when the person we talk to understands it from the situation and/or context.
< Illustrative Sentences / 例文(れいぶん) >
(今日は)9月(くがつ)28日(にじゅうはちにち)です。
(Kyoo wa) ku-gatsu niju-hachi-nichi desu.
It's 28th, September (today).
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(今日は)月曜日(げつようび)です。
(Kyoo wa) getsu-yobi desu.
It's Monday (today).
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(私は)(サクラデンキの)山田です。
(Watashi wa) (Sakura Denki no) Yamada desu.
(I am) Yamada (from Sakura Electronics).
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(私は)ブラウンです。
(Watashi wa) Buraun desu.
(I'm) Brown.
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(今は)3時(さんじ)10分(じゅっぷん)です。
(Ima wa) san-ji jup-pun desu.
It's 3:10 (now).
(6. What time is it? / 何時ですか?)
(それは)ちょっと高(たか)いです(ね)。
(Sore wa) chotto takai desu (ne).
(It seems to be) a little expensive.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
こちらは、すごく安(やす)いです(よ)。
Kochira wa sugoku yasui desu (yo).
This one is very cheap.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
(これは)韓国(かんこく)のメーカーです(が)、…
(Kore wa) kankoku no meekaa desu(-ga), ...
(It's) a product of a Korean maker, (but) ...
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
(これは)98,000円(えん)です。
(Kore wa) 98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en desu.
(It's) 98,000 yen.
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
あれは学校(がっこう)です。
Are wa gakkoo desu.
That is a school.
お手洗(てあら)いはあちらです。
O-tearai wa achira desu.
The bathroom is over there.
ここは日本(にほん)です。
Koko wa nihon desu.
Here is Japan.
天ぷらは日本食です。
Tempura wa nihon-shoku desu.
Tempura is a Japanese food.
<< Basic Sentence Pattern / 基本文型(きほんぶんけい) >>
* A は B ですか?
* A wa B desu-ka?
* Is A B?
A (a subject) : a demonstrative pronoun, a noun, a person's name ... etc.
B (a predicate) : a noun, a person's name, a demonstrative pronoun, an adjective, an interrogative ... etc.
The particle "wa" is written in Hiragana "は", not "わ".
In Japanese, subjects are often omitted when the person we talk to understands it from the situation and/or context.
< Illustrative Sentences / 例文(れいぶん) >
今日(きょう)は何日(なんにち)ですか?
Kyo wa nan-nichi desu-ka?
What's the date today?
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(今日は)何曜日(なんようび)ですか?
(Kyoo wa) nan-yobi desu-ka?
What day is it (today)?
(3. Date and Day / 日(ひ)にちと曜日(ようび))
(あなたは)ブラウンさんですか?
(Anata wa) Buraun-san desu-ka?
(Are you) Mr. Brown?
(4. Meeting Someone for the First Time / はじめての人に会う)
(それは)生(なま)ですか?
(Sore wa) nama desu-ka?
(Is it) raw?
(5. Eating / 食べる)
今(いま)(は)、何時(なんじ)ですか?
Ima (wa), nan-ji desu-ka?
What time is it now?
(6. What time is it? / 何時ですか?)
これは、いくらですか?
Kore wa, ikura desu-ka?
How much is it/this?
(7. Shopping / 買い物)
それは何(なん)ですか?
Sore wa nan desu-ka?
What is it?
ここはどこですか?
Koko wa doko desu-ka?
Where am I? (Where is this place?)
彼(かれ)は日本人(にほんじん)ですか?
Kare wa nihon-jin desu-ka?
Is he a Japanese?
駅(えき)はどちらですか?
Eki wa dochira desu-ka?
Where is the station?
<< Vocabulary / 語彙(ごい) >>
< Demonstrative Pronouns / 指示代名詞(しじだいめいし) >
* Japanese demonstrative words are called "こそあど言葉 (Ko-So-A-Do Kotoba)" which are taken from the first letters of the demonstrative words.
* There are more "こそあど言葉 (Ko-So-A-Do Kotoba)", but we will show you only these for now.
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Nouns / 名詞(めいし)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) >
これ (kore) : this one (just in front of the person)
それ (sore) : that one (in a place a little bit far but not too far)
あれ (are) : that one (in a place far away)
どれ (dore) : which one
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Places / 場所(ぱしょ)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) >
ここ (koko) : here (a place just in front of the person)
そこ (soko) : there (a place a little bit far but not too far)
あそこ (asoko) : over there (a place far away)
どこ (doko) : where
< Demonstrative Pronouns for Nouns or Places - Polite Form / 名詞(めいし)や場所(ぱしょ)を指(さ)す言葉(ことば) - 丁寧(ていねい)な言(い)い方(かた) >
こちら (kochira) : this one (just in front of the person), here (a place just in front of the person)
そちら (sochira) : that one (in a place a little bit far but not too far), there (a place a little bit far but not too far)
あちら (achira) : that one (in a place far away), over there (a place far away)
どちら (dochira) : which one, where
< Interrogatives / 疑問詞(ぎもんし) >
* There are more interrogatives, but we will show you these ones first.
何(なに) (nani) : what
誰(だれ) (dare) : who
いつ (itsu) : when
どこ (doko) ; where
いくつ (ikutsu) : how many
いくら (ikura) : how much
* "何(なに)" can be connected to other words to make other interrogative words like "何日(なんにち)", "何時(なんじ)", "何曜日(なんようび), 何人(なにじん(person from which country)/なんにん(how many people)) ... etc. Reading of the Kanji "何(なに)" changes depending on the sound after it.
< Personal Pronouns / 人称代名詞(にんしょうだいめいし) >
* In Japanese, the second person is often omitted when the person we talk to understands from the situation/context.
< The First Person / 一人称(いちにんしょう) >
私(わたし/わたくし) : I (the most general one, read as "watakushi" is used to show our respect by lowering our own position)
僕(ぼく) : I (it is used only by boys, to friends only, don't use it in a formal place/situation)
俺(おれ) : I (a little rough, it is used only by men, to friends only, better not to use)
私(わたし/わたくし)たち : we (a plural form of "私(わたし/わたくし)")
僕(ぼく)たち : we (a plural form of "僕(ぼく)")
俺(おれ)たち : we (a plural form of "俺(おれ)")
僕(ぽく)ら : we (a plural form of "僕(ぼく)")
俺(おれ)ら : we (a plural form of "俺(おれ)")
我々(われわれ) : we (a plural form of "我(われ)" which is seen in literature, it is used in oaths and things like that)
私(わたくし)ども : we (a plural/polite form of "私(わたし/わたくし)", it is used to show our respect by lowering our own position, it is often used in business scenes)
< The Second Person / 二人称(ににんしょう) >
あなた(貴方/貴女) : you (it is usually written in Hiragana, but you can also write it in Kanji for letters, "貴方" for men, "貴女" for ladies, the word "あなた" is rarely used in conversations because it has some impolite impression, we usually call people by the person's name and a honorific title after the name (refer to "Honorific Titles")
君(きみ) : you (it is used only by men to refer to a person of lower status than him, better not to use)
お前(おまえ) : you (very rude, don't use it)
みなさん : ladies and gentlemen, you (it is used to refer to the audience in speeches and so on)
皆様(みなさま) : ladies and gentlemen, you (a polite form of "みなさん")
あなたがた : you (a plural form of "あなた(貴方/貴女)")
あなたたち : you (a plural form of "あなた(貴方/貴女)", it has some impertinent impression, better not to use)
君たち(きみたち) : you guys (a plural form of "君(きみ)", it has much impertinent impression, better not to use)
お前(まえ)たち : you guys (a plural form of "お前(おまえ)", very rude, don't use it, sometimes it is used by male teachers to refer to their students, ladies never use it)
お前(まえ)ら : you (a plural form of "お前(おまえ)", very rude and rough, don't use it)
< The Third Person / 三人称(さんにんしょう) >
彼(かれ) : he (refers to a male)
彼女(かのじょ) : she (refers to a female)
彼(かれ)ら : they (a plural form of "彼(かれ)")
彼女(かのじょ)たち : they (a plural form of "彼女(かのじょ)")
彼女(かのじょ)ら : they (a plural form of "彼女(かのじょ)")
< Honorific Titles / 敬称(けいしょう) >
* Honorific titles are added after the name of person you are talking to or about.
さん : the one which is most common, it can be added after a first name as well as a last name
ちゃん : it is used only with girls or children, it is usually added after a first name, it can be used only among friends or to refer to a child
君(くん) : it can be used only when referring to a young man or boy
様(さま) : an honorific form of "さん", it is usually used in letters or in business scenes to refer to clients, it has to be added after the name of a person when you address letters
< Other Words (Nouns) / 他(ほか)の単語(たんご) (名詞(めいし)) >
学校(がっこう) (gakkoo) : a school
お手洗(てあら)い (o-tearai) : a bathroom, a ladies room, a toilet ("お (o)" is added to make the word polite)
日本(にほん) (nihon) : Japan
日本人(にほんじん) (nihon-jin) : Japanese (people)
駅(えき) (eki) : a station
That looks like enough for today.
Japanese is one of the most difficult languages to learn, because it has many forms and variations of words.
We will learn it from the basic structures of sentences first, along with getting used to the way of how to use it in natural conversations.
The nouns and words shown above don't change their forms, so you can try to replace "A" or "B" with them in the sample sentences.
Okay, we will continue the "Review and Practice" next week.
がんばりましょう。
また来週!!
7. Shopping / 買い物
2009年10月26日 (月曜日)
みなさん、がんばってますか?
This time we will learn about conversations made while shopping.
People who come to Japan usually like shopping in electronics stores.
Let's learn how to speak while shopping.
Chris goes to an electronics shop to look for a computer.
店員(てんいん) : いらっしゃいませ。何(なに)かお探(さが)しですか?
Ten-in : Irasshaimase. Nani-ka o-sagashi desu-ka?
Salesclerk : Hello! Can I help you?
クリス : 日本語(にほんご)が使(つか)えるパソコンを探(さが)しているんですが…。
Kurisu : Nihongo ga tsuka-eru pasokon o sagashi-teiru-n-desu ga ...
Chris : I am looking for a computer that allows me to use Japanese ...
店員 : これなんか、よく売(う)れてますよ。
Ten-in : Kore nanka, yoku urete-masu yo.
Salesclerk : I recommend this one, which is our best-selling one.
クリス : ちょっと高(たか)いですね。もっと安(やす)いのありますか?
Kurisu : Chotto takai desu ne. Motto yasui-no ari-masu-ka?
Chris : It seems to be a little expensive. Do you have a cheaper one?
店員 : こちらは、すごく安(やす)いですよ。韓国(かんこく)のメーカーですが、機能(きのう)は変(か)わりません。
Ten-in : Kochira wa sugoku yasui desu yo. Kankoku no meekaa desu-ga, kinoo wa kawari-masen.
Salesclerk : This one is very cheap. It's a product of a Korean maker, but the function is the same.
クリス : これは、いくらですか?
Kurisu : Kore wa, ikura desu-ka?
Chris : How much is it?
店員 : 98,000円(えん)です。
Ten-in : 98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en desu.
Salesclerk : 98,000 yen.
クリス : じゃあ、これにします。
Kurisu : Jaa, kore ni shimasu.
Chris : Then, I'll take it.
店員 : ありがとうございます。
Ten-in : Arigatoo-gozaimasu.
Salesclerk : Thank you.
< Words and Expressions / 単語と表現 >
店員(てんいん) (ten-in) : a salesclerk
何(なに)か (nani-ka) : something
お探(さが)しですか? (o-sagashi desu-ka?) : Are you looking for ...? ("お (o)" is added to make the word polite, "探(さが)し (sagashi)" comes from "探(さが)す (sagasu)" which means "to look for", "ですか? (desu-ka?)" is added to ask)
何(なに)かお探(さが)しですか? (Nani-ka o-sagashi desu-ka?) : Can I help you? (special expression in shops)
日本語(にほんご) (nihongo) : Japanese language
使(つか)える (tsuka-eru) : can use (the basic word is "使(つか)う (tsukau)" which means "to use", "-える (eru)" is added to make the word meaning "can use")
パソコン (pasokon) : a computer (abbreviation of "パーソナル・コンピューター (personal computer)")
～を (... o) : (a particle to be added to the direct object)
探(さが)しているんです (sagashi-teiru-n-desu) : be looking for ... (the basic word is "探(さが)す (sagasu)" which means "to look for", "-ている (-teiru)" is a suffix which means "to be doing (something)", "んです (-n-desu)" comes from "のです (-no-desu)", it is added to a verb or an adjective to express a certain situation/condition)
～が (... ga) : ... and, ... but (a conjunction or an additional word to make the sentence soft)
これなんか (kore-nanka) : something like this ("これ (kore)" means "this one", "-なんか (-nanka)" is added to a noun to recommend something)
よく (yoku) : often, well
売(う)れてます (urete-masu) : be selling (the basic word is "売(う)れる (ureru)" which means "be selling", "-ます (-masu)" comes from "-います (-imasu)" which means "be doing ...")
～よ (... yo) : (an additional word to make the sentence soft)
高(たか)い (takai) : expensive
もっと (motto) : more
安(やす)い (yasui) : cheap
～の (-no) : one which is ... (added to an adjective or an expression of a certain condition)
ありますか? (ari-masu-ka?) : is there ...?
こちら (kochira) : this one (the polite form of "これ (kore)")
すごく (sugoku) : very (much)
韓国(かんこく) (kankoku) : Korea
メーカー (meekaa) : maker
機能(きのう) (kinoo) : function
変(か)わりません (kawari-masen) : be not different (the basic word is "変(か)わる (kawaru)" which means "change", "-ません (-masen)" is an additional word which means "do/be not")
これ (kore) : this one
いくら (ikura) : how much
98,000円(えん) (98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en) : 98,000 yen
じゃあ (jaa) : then, if so (a colloquial form of "では (dewa)")
これにします (kore ni shimasu) : I will take this.
Have you got any tips about shopping?
I hope these conversations will help you when you go shopping.
In Japanese, there are some levels of politeness in speaking.
The expressions change depending on whom you speak to.
The conversations above are between a "salesclerk" and a "customer".
Try to remember the conversations first, and you can change the words depending on your purpose later.
Okay, keep going!
また来週!!
みなさん、がんばってますか?
This time we will learn about conversations made while shopping.
People who come to Japan usually like shopping in electronics stores.
Let's learn how to speak while shopping.
Chris goes to an electronics shop to look for a computer.
店員(てんいん) : いらっしゃいませ。何(なに)かお探(さが)しですか?
Ten-in : Irasshaimase. Nani-ka o-sagashi desu-ka?
Salesclerk : Hello! Can I help you?
クリス : 日本語(にほんご)が使(つか)えるパソコンを探(さが)しているんですが…。
Kurisu : Nihongo ga tsuka-eru pasokon o sagashi-teiru-n-desu ga ...
Chris : I am looking for a computer that allows me to use Japanese ...
店員 : これなんか、よく売(う)れてますよ。
Ten-in : Kore nanka, yoku urete-masu yo.
Salesclerk : I recommend this one, which is our best-selling one.
クリス : ちょっと高(たか)いですね。もっと安(やす)いのありますか?
Kurisu : Chotto takai desu ne. Motto yasui-no ari-masu-ka?
Chris : It seems to be a little expensive. Do you have a cheaper one?
店員 : こちらは、すごく安(やす)いですよ。韓国(かんこく)のメーカーですが、機能(きのう)は変(か)わりません。
Ten-in : Kochira wa sugoku yasui desu yo. Kankoku no meekaa desu-ga, kinoo wa kawari-masen.
Salesclerk : This one is very cheap. It's a product of a Korean maker, but the function is the same.
クリス : これは、いくらですか?
Kurisu : Kore wa, ikura desu-ka?
Chris : How much is it?
店員 : 98,000円(えん)です。
Ten-in : 98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en desu.
Salesclerk : 98,000 yen.
クリス : じゃあ、これにします。
Kurisu : Jaa, kore ni shimasu.
Chris : Then, I'll take it.
店員 : ありがとうございます。
Ten-in : Arigatoo-gozaimasu.
Salesclerk : Thank you.
< Words and Expressions / 単語と表現 >
店員(てんいん) (ten-in) : a salesclerk
何(なに)か (nani-ka) : something
お探(さが)しですか? (o-sagashi desu-ka?) : Are you looking for ...? ("お (o)" is added to make the word polite, "探(さが)し (sagashi)" comes from "探(さが)す (sagasu)" which means "to look for", "ですか? (desu-ka?)" is added to ask)
何(なに)かお探(さが)しですか? (Nani-ka o-sagashi desu-ka?) : Can I help you? (special expression in shops)
日本語(にほんご) (nihongo) : Japanese language
使(つか)える (tsuka-eru) : can use (the basic word is "使(つか)う (tsukau)" which means "to use", "-える (eru)" is added to make the word meaning "can use")
パソコン (pasokon) : a computer (abbreviation of "パーソナル・コンピューター (personal computer)")
～を (... o) : (a particle to be added to the direct object)
探(さが)しているんです (sagashi-teiru-n-desu) : be looking for ... (the basic word is "探(さが)す (sagasu)" which means "to look for", "-ている (-teiru)" is a suffix which means "to be doing (something)", "んです (-n-desu)" comes from "のです (-no-desu)", it is added to a verb or an adjective to express a certain situation/condition)
～が (... ga) : ... and, ... but (a conjunction or an additional word to make the sentence soft)
これなんか (kore-nanka) : something like this ("これ (kore)" means "this one", "-なんか (-nanka)" is added to a noun to recommend something)
よく (yoku) : often, well
売(う)れてます (urete-masu) : be selling (the basic word is "売(う)れる (ureru)" which means "be selling", "-ます (-masu)" comes from "-います (-imasu)" which means "be doing ...")
～よ (... yo) : (an additional word to make the sentence soft)
高(たか)い (takai) : expensive
もっと (motto) : more
安(やす)い (yasui) : cheap
～の (-no) : one which is ... (added to an adjective or an expression of a certain condition)
ありますか? (ari-masu-ka?) : is there ...?
こちら (kochira) : this one (the polite form of "これ (kore)")
すごく (sugoku) : very (much)
韓国(かんこく) (kankoku) : Korea
メーカー (meekaa) : maker
機能(きのう) (kinoo) : function
変(か)わりません (kawari-masen) : be not different (the basic word is "変(か)わる (kawaru)" which means "change", "-ません (-masen)" is an additional word which means "do/be not")
これ (kore) : this one
いくら (ikura) : how much
98,000円(えん) (98,000 (Kyuu-man-has-sen) en) : 98,000 yen
じゃあ (jaa) : then, if so (a colloquial form of "では (dewa)")
これにします (kore ni shimasu) : I will take this.
Have you got any tips about shopping?
I hope these conversations will help you when you go shopping.
In Japanese, there are some levels of politeness in speaking.
The expressions change depending on whom you speak to.
The conversations above are between a "salesclerk" and a "customer".
Try to remember the conversations first, and you can change the words depending on your purpose later.
Okay, keep going!
また来週!!
| Home | Next page »
